Upsampling and upmixing

Upsampling is the mathematical treatment that increases the resolution of the digital signal, e.g. from CD quality 16bit/44.1kHz to 24bit/96kHz (to be read as 96000 samples per seconds coded as 24 bits each). When an analog signal is digitized, periodical samples/snapshots of the signal are taken, analogous to the 30 frames per seconds of a movie. The more samples the better, as the image becomes less "jumpy" and the digital sound wave better approximates the analog wave. Likewise, more bits increases the precision of each sample. It has been argued that most people cannot hear above 20kHz. While this is true, the electronics is more succeptible to introduce detectable artifacts and distorsions at lower sampling rates as explained in the benefits of 96kHz sampling rate and why does high-resolution sound better.

The HD-audio product line includes a custom designed professional quality upsampling algorithm optimized to convert from 44.1kHz to 48/88.2/96/176.4/192kHz, and that uses state of the art theoretical concepts (FIR linear phase filters, multi-stages, cascaded).

Upmixing is another mathematical treatment that analyses the stereo signal to detect spatial information and deducts/produces additional surround channels to better render the original sound stage. It is implemented in the HD-Audio product line through a VST plug-in called V.I.

CD vs. DVD-Audio comparison matrix 

Resolution

CD

DVD-Audio

Blu-ray

44kHz / 16bits

Up to 192kHz / 24bits stereo

Up to 96kHz / 24bits / 5.1 (1)

Up to 192kHz / 24bits / 5.1

Up to 96kHz / 24bits / 7.1

AVCHD on DVD up to 96kHz / 24bit / 5.1

 Number channels

2

1 to 6

1 to 8 in standard

(1 to 6 with HD-Audio Solo)

 Disc capacity

700MB / 80mn

4500 MB / 8300 MB (DL)

425 mn / 780 mn @ 44kHz/16

130 mn / 240 mn @ 96kHz/2

25GB / 50GB

  Pictures

No

Yes as user option in MPEG2

Yes as user option in H.264 quality up to 1080p

  Navigation menu

No

Yes as user option (2)

Yes as user option (2)

  DVD-Audio Backgrounder

DVD-Audio is a state of the art high-resolution audio standard and it is the only one for which discs can be created on a desktop PC with a standard DVD writer. DVD-Audio features higher sampling rates and sample size than CD for a richer and fuller sound. DVD-Audio discs can be played back on any DVD player with DVD-Audio support (many new players do). DVD-Audio is a companion standard of the DVD-Video standard, both are published by the DVD Forum for use by DVD products.

(1) With mixed groups and no MLP in Cirlinca's products (2) Not available with Cirlinca's products

Universal DVD-Audio/DVD-Video disc

A good media combination is a disc that has both a DVD-Audio area (AUDIO_TS) and a DVD-Video area (VIDEO_TS). Such a disc is called universal because it is capable of playing in any DVD player and it combines the best features of both technologies. Cirlinca's products generate a universal disc by mirroring the DVD-Audio area to the DVD-Video area. Both areas can be encoded in uncompressed PCM, but a common setting is to encode the DVD-Audio area in high-resolution PCM and the DVD-Video area in compressed A/52 format. A/52 is the format commonly used to encode surround 5.1 tracks in DVD-Video. This combination offers the best playback quality with the DVD-Audio area and guaranteed playability with the DVD-Video area.